Rhabdophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. Species in the genus Rhabdophis are generally called keelback snakes, and are found primarily in Southeast Asia.

The name Rhabdophis comes from the Greek words rhabdos (meaning "rod" or "wand") and ophis (meaning "snake"), referring to the snake's appearance or structure. 
Together, Rhabdophis literally means "rod snake" or "wand snake," which likely describes a particular anatomical feature or the overall slender form of the snakes in this genus.